有人说用 Socket 请求 http 服务效率要比 HttpWebRequest 高很多, 但是又没有提供源码或者对比测试结果. 我对此很好奇, 到底能差多少? 所以决定自己写个类实现 Socket 请求 http 的功能.
下面的代码实现了基本的 http ,https 请求, 支持 gzip 解压, 分块传输.
经本人多次试验, 得出如下结论:
如果仅用 Socket 获取文本类型的内容, 且不考虑分块传输的情况, 那么 Socket 方式可比 HttpWebRequest 方式效率高 30%-40%.
如果考虑更多因素,需要做更多处理, 所以多数时候效率不如 HttpWebRequest, 当然与我写的代码效率有很大关系.
欢迎共同探讨技术问题,提供建议, 请留言,我会尽快回复.
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/* Name: Socket 实现 http 协议全功能版 * Version: v0.6 * Description: 此版本实现了 http 及 https 的 get 或 post 访问, 自动处理301,302跳转, 支持 gzip 解压, 分块传输. * 支持的操作: 获取文本,图片,文件形式的内容. * 使用方法: new HttpWebSocket(); 调用实例的 Get.... 方法. * 声明: 本代码仅做技术探讨,可任意转载,请勿用于商业用途. * 本人博客: http://blog.itnmg.net http://www.cnblogs.com/lhg-net * 创建日期: 2013-01-15 * 修订日期: 2013-06-03 */ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Net; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Net.Security; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.IO; using System.IO.Compression; using System.Web; using System.Drawing; using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates; namespace ExtLibrary.Net { class HttpWebSocket { /// <summary> /// 获取或设置请求与回应的超时时间,默认3秒. /// </summary> public int TimeOut { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 获取或设置请求cookie /// </summary> public List<string> Cookies { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 获取请求返回的 HTTP 头部内容 /// </summary> public HttpHeader HttpHeaders { get; internal set; } /// <summary> /// 获取或设置错误信息分隔符 /// </summary> private string ErrorMessageSeparate; public HttpWebSocket() { this.TimeOut = 3; this.Cookies = new List<string>(); this.ErrorMessageSeparate = ";;"; this.HttpHeaders = new HttpHeader(); } /// <summary> /// get或post方式请求一个 http 或 https 地址.使用 Socket 方式 /// </summary> /// <param name="url">请求绝对地址</param> /// <param name="referer">请求来源地址,可为空</param> /// <param name="postData">post请求参数. 设置空值为get方式请求</param> /// <returns>返回图像</returns> public Image GetImageUseSocket( string url, string referer, string postData = null ) { Image result = null; MemoryStream ms = this.GetSocketResult( url, referer, postData ); try { if ( ms != null ) { result = Image.FromStream( ms ); } } catch ( Exception e ) { string ss = e.Message; } return result; } /// <summary> /// get或post方式请求一个 http 或 https 地址.使用 Socket 方式 /// </summary> /// <param name="url">请求绝对地址</param> /// <param name="postData">post请求参数. 设置空值为get方式请求</param> /// <returns>返回 html 内容,如果发生异常将返回上次http状态码及异常信息</returns> public string GetHtmlUseSocket( string url, string postData = null ) { return this.GetHtmlUseSocket( url, null, postData ); } /// <summary> /// get或post方式请求一个 http 或 https 地址.使用 Socket 方式 /// </summary> /// <param name="url">请求绝对地址</param> /// <param name="referer">请求来源地址,可为空</param> /// <param name="postData">post请求参数. 设置空值为get方式请求</param> /// <returns>返回 html 内容,如果发生异常将返回上次http状态码及异常信息</returns> public string GetHtmlUseSocket( string url, string referer, string postData = null ) { string result = string.Empty; try { MemoryStream ms = this.GetSocketResult( url, referer, postData ); if ( ms != null ) { result = Encoding.GetEncoding( string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace( this.HttpHeaders.Charset ) ? "UTF-8" : this.HttpHeaders.Charset ).GetString( ms.ToArray() ); } } catch ( SocketException se ) { result = this.HttpHeaders.ResponseStatusCode + this.ErrorMessageSeparate + se.ErrorCode.ToString() + this.ErrorMessageSeparate + se.SocketErrorCode.ToString( "G" ) + this.ErrorMessageSeparate + se.Message; } catch ( Exception e ) { result = this.HttpHeaders.ResponseStatusCode + this.ErrorMessageSeparate + e.Message; } return result; } /// <summary> /// get或post方式请求一个 http 或 https 地址. /// </summary> /// <param name="url">请求绝对地址</param> /// <param name="referer">请求来源地址,可为空</param> /// <param name="postData">post请求参数. 设置空值为get方式请求</param> /// <returns>返回的已解压的数据内容</returns> private MemoryStream GetSocketResult( string url, string referer, string postData ) { if ( string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace( url ) ) { throw new UriFormatException( "'Url' cannot be empty." ); } MemoryStream result = null; Uri uri = new Uri( url ); if ( uri.Scheme == "http" ) { result = this.GetHttpResult( uri, referer, postData ); } else if ( uri.Scheme == "https" ) { result = this.GetSslResult( uri, referer, postData ); } else { throw new ArgumentException( "url must start with HTTP or HTTPS.", "url" ); } if ( !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace( this.HttpHeaders.Location ) ) { result = GetSocketResult( this.HttpHeaders.Location, uri.AbsoluteUri, null ); } else { result = unGzip( result ); } return result; } /// <summary> /// get或post方式请求一个 http 地址. /// </summary> /// <param name="uri">请求绝对地址</param> /// <param name="referer">请求来源地址,可为空</param> /// <param name="postData">post请求参数. 设置空值为get方式请求</param> /// <param name="headText">输出包含头部内容的StringBuilder</param> /// <returns>返回未解压的数据流</returns> private MemoryStream GetHttpResult( Uri uri, string referer, string postData ) { MemoryStream result = new MemoryStream( 10240 ); Socket HttpSocket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp ); HttpSocket.SendTimeout = this.TimeOut * 1000; HttpSocket.ReceiveTimeout = this.TimeOut * 1000; try { byte[] send = GetSendHeaders( uri, referer, postData ); HttpSocket.Connect( uri.Host, uri.Port ); if ( HttpSocket.Connected ) { HttpSocket.Send( send, SocketFlags.None ); this.ProcessData( HttpSocket, ref result ); } result.Flush(); } finally { HttpSocket.Shutdown( SocketShutdown.Both ); HttpSocket.Close(); } result.Seek( 0, SeekOrigin.Begin ); return result; } /// <summary> /// get或post方式请求一个 https 地址. /// </summary> /// <param name="uri">请求绝对地址</param> /// <param name="referer">请求来源地址,可为空</param> /// <param name="postData">post请求参数. 设置空值为get方式请求</param> /// <param name="headText">输出包含头部内容的StringBuilder</param> /// <returns>返回未解压的数据流</returns> private MemoryStream GetSslResult( Uri uri, string referer, string postData ) { MemoryStream result = new MemoryStream( 10240 ); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder( 1024 ); byte[] send = GetSendHeaders( uri, referer, postData ); TcpClient client = new TcpClient( uri.Host, uri.Port ); try { SslStream sslStream = new SslStream( client.GetStream(), true , new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback( ( sender, certificate, chain, sslPolicyErrors ) => { return sslPolicyErrors == SslPolicyErrors.None; } ), null ); sslStream.ReadTimeout = this.TimeOut * 1000; sslStream.WriteTimeout = this.TimeOut * 1000; X509Store store = new X509Store( StoreName.My ); sslStream.AuthenticateAsClient( uri.Host, store.Certificates, System.Security.Authentication.SslProtocols.Default, false ); if ( sslStream.IsAuthenticated ) { sslStream.Write( send, 0, send.Length ); sslStream.Flush(); this.ProcessData( sslStream, ref result ); } result.Flush(); } finally { client.Close(); } result.Seek( 0, SeekOrigin.Begin ); return result; } /// <summary> /// 返回请求的头部内容 /// </summary> /// <param name="uri">请求绝对地址</param> /// <param name="referer">请求来源地址,可为空</param> /// <param name="postData">post请求参数. 设置空值为get方式请求</param> /// <returns>请求头部数据</returns> private byte[] GetSendHeaders( Uri uri, string referer, string postData ) { string sendString = @"{0} {1} HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */* Referer: {2} Accept-Language: zh-CN User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0) Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Host: {3} Connection: Keep-Alive Cache-Control: no-cache "; sendString = string.Format( sendString, string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace( postData ) ? "GET" : "POST", uri.PathAndQuery , string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace( referer ) ? uri.AbsoluteUri : referer, uri.Host ); if ( this.Cookies != null && this.Cookies.Count > 0 ) { sendString += string.Format( "Cookie: {0}rn", string.Join( "; ", this.Cookies.ToArray() ) ); } if ( string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace( postData ) ) { sendString += "rn"; } else { int dlength = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes( postData ).Length; sendString += string.Format( @"Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: {0} {1} ", postData.Length, postData ); } return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes( sendString ); ; } /// <summary> /// 设置此类的字段 /// </summary> /// <param name="headText">头部文本</param> private void SetThisHeaders( string headText ) { if ( string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace( headText ) ) { throw new ArgumentNullException( "'WithHeadersText' cannot be empty." ); } //Match m = Regex.Match( withHeadersText,@".*(?=rnrn)", RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.IgnoreCase ); //if ( m == null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace( m.Value ) ) //{ // throw new HttpParseException( "'SetThisHeaders' method has bug." ); //} string[] headers = headText.Split( new string[] { "rn" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries ); if ( headers == null || headers.Length == 0 ) { throw new ArgumentException( "'WithHeadersText' param format error." ); } this.HttpHeaders = new HttpHeader(); foreach ( string head in headers ) { if ( head.StartsWith( "HTTP", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) ) { string[] ts = head.Split( ' ' ); if ( ts.Length > 1 ) { this.HttpHeaders.ResponseStatusCode = ts[1]; } } else if ( head.StartsWith( "Set-Cookie:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) ) { this.Cookies = this.Cookies ?? new List<string>(); string tCookie = head.Substring( 11, head.IndexOf( ";" ) < 0 ? head.Length - 11 : head.IndexOf( ";" ) - 10 ).Trim(); if ( !this.Cookies.Exists( f => f.Split( '=' )[0] == tCookie.Split( '=' )[0] ) ) { this.Cookies.Add( tCookie ); } } else if ( head.StartsWith( "Location:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) ) { this.HttpHeaders.Location = head.Substring( 9 ).Trim(); } else if ( head.StartsWith( "Content-Encoding:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) ) { if ( head.IndexOf( "gzip", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) >= 0 ) { this.HttpHeaders.IsGzip = true; } } else if ( head.StartsWith( "Content-Type:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) ) { string[] types = head.Substring( 13 ).Split( new char[] { ';' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries ); foreach ( string t in types ) { if ( t.IndexOf( "charset=", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) >= 0 ) { this.HttpHeaders.Charset = t.Trim().Substring( 8 ); } else if ( t.IndexOf( '/' ) >= 0 ) { this.HttpHeaders.ContentType = t.Trim(); } } } else if ( head.StartsWith( "Content-Length:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) ) { this.HttpHeaders.ContentLength = long.Parse( head.Substring( 15 ).Trim() ); } else if ( head.StartsWith( "Transfer-Encoding:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) && head.EndsWith( "chunked", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) ) { this.HttpHeaders.IsChunk = true; } } } /// <summary> /// 解压数据流 /// </summary> /// <param name="data">数据流, 压缩或未压缩的.</param> /// <returns>返回解压缩的数据流</returns> private MemoryStream unGzip( MemoryStream data ) { if ( data == null ) { throw new ArgumentNullException( "data cannot be null.", "data" ); } data.Seek( 0, SeekOrigin.Begin ); MemoryStream result = data; if ( this.HttpHeaders.IsGzip ) { GZipStream gs = new GZipStream( data, CompressionMode.Decompress ); result = new MemoryStream( 1024 ); try { byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int length = -1; do { length = gs.Read( buffer, 0, buffer.Length ); result.Write( buffer, 0, length ); } while ( length != 0 ); gs.Flush(); result.Flush(); } finally { gs.Close(); } } return result; } /// <summary> /// 处理请求返回的数据. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">数据源类型</typeparam> /// <param name="reader">数据源实例</param> /// <param name="body">保存数据的流</param> private void ProcessData<T>( T reader, ref MemoryStream body ) { byte[] data = new byte[10240]; int bodyStart = -1;//数据部分起始位置 int readLength = 0; bodyStart = GetHeaders( reader, ref data, ref readLength ); if ( bodyStart >= 0 ) { if ( this.HttpHeaders.IsChunk ) { GetChunkData( reader, ref data, ref bodyStart, ref readLength, ref body ); } else { GetBodyData( reader, ref data, bodyStart, readLength, ref body ); } } } /// <summary> /// 取得返回的http头部内容,并设置相关属性. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">数据源类型</typeparam> /// <param name="reader">数据源实例</param> /// <param name="data">待处理的数据</param> /// <param name="readLength">读取的长度</param> /// <returns>数据内容的起始位置,返回-1表示未读完头部内容</returns> private int GetHeaders<T>( T reader, ref byte[] data, ref int readLength ) { int result = -1; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder( 1024 ); do { readLength = this.ReadData( reader, ref data ); if ( result < 0 ) { for ( int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++ ) { char c = (char)data[i]; sb.Append( c ); if ( c == 'n' && string.Concat( sb[sb.Length - 4], sb[sb.Length - 3], sb[sb.Length - 2], sb[sb.Length - 1] ).Contains( "rnrn" ) ) { result = i + 1; this.SetThisHeaders( sb.ToString() ); break; } } } if ( result >= 0 ) { break; } } while ( readLength > 0 ); return result; } /// <summary> /// 取得未分块数据的内容 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">数据源类型</typeparam> /// <param name="reader">数据源实例</param> /// <param name="data">已读取未处理的字节数据</param> /// <param name="startIndex">起始位置</param> /// <param name="readLength">读取的长度</param> /// <param name="body">保存块数据的流</param> private void GetBodyData<T>( T reader, ref byte[] data, int startIndex, int readLength, ref MemoryStream body ) { int contentTotal = 0; if ( startIndex < data.Length ) { int count = readLength - startIndex; body.Write( data, startIndex, count ); contentTotal += count; } int tlength = 0; do { tlength = this.ReadData( reader, ref data ); contentTotal += tlength; body.Write( data, 0, tlength ); if ( this.HttpHeaders.ContentLength > 0 && contentTotal >= this.HttpHeaders.ContentLength ) { break; } } while ( tlength > 0 ); } /// <summary> /// 取得分块数据 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">数据源类型</typeparam> /// <param name="reader">Socket实例</param> /// <param name="data">已读取未处理的字节数据</param> /// <param name="startIndex">起始位置</param> /// <param name="readLength">读取的长度</param> /// <param name="body">保存块数据的流</param> private void GetChunkData<T>( T reader, ref byte[] data, ref int startIndex, ref int readLength, ref MemoryStream body ) { int chunkSize = -1;//每个数据块的长度,用于分块数据.当长度为0时,说明读到数据末尾. while ( true ) { chunkSize = this.GetChunkHead( reader, ref data, ref startIndex, ref readLength ); this.GetChunkBody( reader, ref data, ref startIndex, ref readLength, ref body, chunkSize ); if ( chunkSize <= 0 ) { break; } } } /// <summary> /// 取得分块数据的数据长度 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">数据源类型</typeparam> /// <param name="reader">Socket实例</param> /// <param name="data">已读取未处理的字节数据</param> /// <param name="startIndex">起始位置</param> /// <param name="readLength">读取的长度</param> /// <returns>块长度,返回0表示已到末尾.</returns> private int GetChunkHead<T>( T reader, ref byte[] data, ref int startIndex, ref int readLength ) { int chunkSize = -1; List<char> tChars = new List<char>();//用于临时存储块长度字符 if ( startIndex >= data.Length || startIndex >= readLength ) { readLength = this.ReadData( reader, ref data ); startIndex = 0; } do { for ( int i = startIndex; i < readLength; i++ ) { char c = (char)data[i]; if ( c == 'n' ) { try { chunkSize = Convert.ToInt32( new string( tChars.ToArray() ).TrimEnd( 'r' ), 16 ); startIndex = i + 1; } catch ( Exception e ) { throw new Exception( "Maybe exists 'chunk-ext' field.", e ); } break; } tChars.Add( c ); } if ( chunkSize >= 0 ) { break; } startIndex = 0; readLength = this.ReadData( reader, ref data ); } while ( readLength > 0 ); return chunkSize; } /// <summary> /// 取得分块传回的数据内容 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">数据源类型</typeparam> /// <param name="reader">Socket实例</param> /// <param name="data">已读取未处理的字节数据</param> /// <param name="startIndex">起始位置</param> /// <param name="readLength">读取的长度</param> /// <param name="body">保存块数据的流</param> /// <param name="chunkSize">块长度</param> private void GetChunkBody<T>( T reader, ref byte[] data, ref int startIndex, ref int readLength, ref MemoryStream body, int chunkSize ) { if ( chunkSize <= 0 ) { return; } int chunkReadLength = 0;//每个数据块已读取长度 if ( startIndex >= data.Length || startIndex >= readLength ) { readLength = this.ReadData( reader, ref data ); startIndex = 0; } do { int owing = chunkSize - chunkReadLength; int count = Math.Min( readLength - startIndex, owing ); body.Write( data, startIndex, count ); chunkReadLength += count; if ( owing <= count ) { startIndex += count + 2; break; } startIndex = 0; readLength = this.ReadData( reader, ref data ); } while ( readLength > 0 ); } /// <summary> /// 从数据源读取数据 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">数据源类型</typeparam> /// <param name="reader">数据源</param> /// <param name="data">用于存储读取的数据</param> /// <returns>读取的数据长度,无数据为-1</returns> private int ReadData<T>( T reader, ref byte[] data ) { int result = -1; if ( reader is Socket ) { result = (reader as Socket).Receive( data, SocketFlags.None ); } else if ( reader is SslStream ) { result = (reader as SslStream).Read( data, 0, data.Length ); } return result; } } public class HttpHeader { /// <summary> /// 获取请求回应状态码 /// </summary> public string ResponseStatusCode { get; internal set; } /// <summary> /// 获取跳转url /// </summary> public string Location { get; internal set; } /// <summary> /// 获取是否由Gzip压缩 /// </summary> public bool IsGzip { get; internal set; } /// <summary> /// 获取返回的文档类型 /// </summary> public string ContentType { get; internal set; } /// <summary> /// 获取内容使用的字符集 /// </summary> public string Charset { get; internal set; } /// <summary> /// 获取内容长度 /// </summary> public long ContentLength { get; internal set; } /// <summary> /// 获取是否分块传输 /// </summary> public bool IsChunk { get; internal set; } } } |
你好，这个如何通过代理访问？谢谢
请问您这个类支持 cookies post的吗、
cookie是自动管理的. 现在支持get和post方法, 这个类还很原始, 基于socket去实现要写太多的代码, 而且也不是最好的方法, 所以不会继续写下去了. .net 4.5有个 HttpClient 类, 你可以看下.功能很全, 只是也有cookie管理上的问题, 需要自己修复.
你好，我发现SslStream 有时候超时，有的url只有第一次运行时不会超时，后面都会超时，请问题一下是否有什么设置？
比如：url:https://www.wish.com/api/product/get?_xsrf=7c95dc4159934f058418443b32e8c9ac
postData:cid=56442ee355e4d0551c3dd97a
Cookie:_xsrf=7c95dc4159934f058418443b32e8c9ac;bsid=aa981799d36a40fca6cfc6d3ce0e1b60;
可以设置超时时间,长一点.
我设置了一分钟还是报超时，这种错误如果在读取SslStream之前停留下一分钟左右，超时情况比较少。是否可以给一个邮箱？我把代码发给你帮忙看一下？
你好，我已经把我的代码上传至http://download.csdn.net/detail/gxpanyi/9551795
这个地方，麻烦帮忙看一下为什么会下载很慢而且经常超时的问题，如果使用HttpWebRequest的话，大概2，3秒的时间，这个则需要设置超过1分钟。谢谢。
你好，大哥。我是接到任务要用socket实现http，但是我没什么经验。我想问下：
1.两端是否均为web站点
2.我们用ASP.NET MVC客户端的调用是否写在Controller里
3.能否实现断点续传
问题1和2: 客户端与服务端只要遵循HTTP协议即可. 以什么形式存在不重要. 可以是一个网站. 也可以是winform程序. 或者控制台程序. .net 4中有现成的 HttpClient 类, 属于webapi的内容, 你可以了解下.
问题3: 可以.